Posted by Garnet71 on February 10, 2009, at 23:49:11
In reply to Bipolar and Melatonin - Ativan - Magesium Citrate, posted by Garnet71 on February 8, 2009, at 17:07:33
Is this the same type of melatonin as the supplement?
Impaired pineal melatonin function has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous systemic, neurological and mental disorders including cancer, autoimmune disorders (i.e., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus), AIDS, diabetes mellitus, hyper-cholesterolemia, mental depression including seasonal affective disorder (SAD), schizophrenia, autism, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, trichotillomania, substance abuse including alcoholism, posttraumatic stress disorder, impulsive and aggressive behavior, chronic insomnia, sleep paralysis, bulimia, Parkinson's disease, juvenile Parkinsonism, Shy-Drager syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Huntington's chorea, AIDS dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Korsakoffs dementia, tardive dyskinesia, chronic pain syndromes, diabetic neuropathy, epilepsy, narcolepsy, migraine, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, motor neuron disease, traumatic spinal cord injuries and macular degeneration. These diseases are associated either with deficient melatonin production and/or disruption of melatonin circodian rhythmicity associated with deficient or dysregulated serotonin neurotransmission as disclosed in Anton-Tay et al., (1971) "On the effects of melatonin upon human brain. Its possible therapeutic implications." Life Sciences, 10, 841-850; Smith et al., (1978) "Decrease in human serum melatonin concentrations with age." Journal of Neural Transmission, 13 (Suppl), 396; Pavel et al., (1980) "Vasotocin, melatonin and norcolepsy: possible involvement of the pineal gland in its pathophysiological mechanism." Peptides, 1, 281-284; Martin et al., (1984) "Decreased 6-hydroxymelatonin excretion in Korsakoff's psychosis." Neurology, 34, 966-968; Fanget et al., (1989) "Nocturnal plasma melatonin levelsin schizophrenic patients" Biological Psychiatry, 25, 499-501; Skene et al., (1990) "Daily variation in the concentration of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol in the human pineal gland: effect of age and Alzheimer's disease." Brain Research, 528, 170-174; Souetre et al., (1989) "Abnormal melatonin response to 5-methoxypsoralen in dementia." American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1037-1040; Renfrew et al., (1987) "Circadian rhythms in Alzheimer's disease." Neurosciences Abstracts, 1, 322; Armstrong and Redman (1991) "Melatonin: a chronobiotic with antiaging properties?" Medical Hypotheses, 34, 300-309; Nair et al.. (1986) "Plasma melatonin--an index of brain aging in humans?" Biological Psychiatry, 21, 141-150: Tohgi et al., (1992) "Concentrations of serotonin and its related substances in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia." Neuroscience Letters, 141, 9-12: Ferti et al., (1991) "Circadian secretion pattern of melatonin in Parkinson's disease." Journal of Neural transmission, 3, 41-47: Ferti et al., (1993) "Circadian secretion pattern of melatonin in de novo Parkinsonian patients: evidence for phase-shifting properties of l-dopa." Journal of Neural Transmission (P-D Sect), 5, 227-234: Sandyk (1992) "The pineal gland and the clinical course of multiple sclerosis." International Journal of Neuroscience, 62, 65-74; Sandyk (1992) "The pineal gland and multiple sclerosis." (Editorial) International Journal of Neuroscience, 63, 206-215: Toglia, J. U. (1986) "is migraine due to a deficiency of pineal melatonin"? Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 7, 319-32; Sandyk and Kay (1990) "Pineal melatonin in schizophrenia: a Review and hypothesis." Schizophrenia Bulletin, 16, 653-662; Sandyk et al., (1990) "Pineal gland calcification and tordive dyskinesia." Lancet, 335, 1528; Robinson et al., (1991) "Serum melatonin levels in schizophrenic and schizoaffective hospitalized patients." Acta Psychiotrica Scandinavica, 84, 221-224; Miles and Philbrick (1988) "Melatonin and Psychiatry." Biological Psychiatry, 23, 405-425; Nir et al., (1969) "Changes in the electrical activity of the brain following pinealectomy." Neuroendocrinology, 4, 122-127; Philo (1982) "Catecholamines and pinealectomy-induced convulsions in the gerbil (Merinos unguiculatus)." Progress in Clinical Biological Research, 92, 233-241; Reiter et al., (1973) "Nature and time course of seizures associated with surgical removal of the pineal gland from parathyroldectomized rats." Experimental Neurology, 38, 386-397; McIntyre et al., (1990) "Plasma concentrations of melatonin in panic disorder." American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 462-464; Moteleone et al. (1994) "Circadian rhythms of melatonin, cortisol and prolactin in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89, 411-415; Catapano et al., (1992) "Melatonin and cortisol secretion in patients with primary obsessive compulsive disorder." Psychiatry Research, 44, 217-225; Sandyk and Kay (1991) "Concordance of Tourette's syndrome and bipolar disorder: possible role of the pineal gland." International Journal of Neuroscience, 58, 235-240; Sandyk and Kay (1991) "Pineal melatonin secretion during puberty: possible relevance to Giles de la Tourette's syndrome." International Journal of Neuroscience, 58, 232-235; Molina-Carballo et al., (1994) "Day-night variations in melatonin secretion by the pineal gland during febrie and epileptic convulsions in children." Psychiatry Research, 52, 273-283; Waldhauser et al., (1993) "Clinical aspects of the melatonin action: impact of development, aging and puberty, involvement of melatonin in psychiatric disease and importance of neuroimmunoendocrine interactions." Experientia, 49, 671-681; Brambilla et al., (1988) "Melatonin circadion rhythm in anorexia nervosa and obesity." Psychiatry Research, 23, 267-276; Pierpaoli and Regelson (1995) "The melatonin miracle." (pp. 175-177). New York: Pocket Book; Relter (1995) "Melatonin." (pp. 60-72). New York: Bantam Books; Norden (1995) "Beyond prozac." (pp. 8-10). New York: Regan Books; McEntee and Crook (1991) "Serotonin, memory, and the aging brain." Psychopharmacology, 103, 143-149; Lawlor (1990) "Serotonin and Alzheimer's disease." Psychiatric Annals, 20, 567-570; Comings (1990) "Serotonin and human behavior" In D. E. Comings (Ed.), Tourette syndrome and human behavior (pp. 429-444). Duarte: Hope Press; Erlich and Apuzzo (1985) "The pineal gland: anatomy, physiology, and clinical significance." Journal of Neurosurgery, 63, 321-341; Sandyk and Fisher (1988) "Serotonin in involuntary movement disorders." International Journal of Neuroscience, 42, 185-205; Fuller (1992) "Clinical applications of 5-HT uptake inhibitors." In P B Bradley et al. (Eds.), Advances in the Biosciences: serotonin, CNS receptors and brain function, vol. 85 (pp. 255-270); Weingartner et al., (1983) "Effects of serotonin on memory impairments produced by ethanol." Science, 221, 472-473; Amit et al., (1984) "Zimeildine: a review of its effects on ethanol consumption." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 8, 35-54; Meara (1996) "Serotonin and the extrapyramidal system--a neurological perspective." Human Psychopharmacology. 11, S95-S102; Hubble et al., (1989) "Essential tremor." Clinical Neuropharmacology, 12, 453-482; Kulmann et al., (1995) "Lack of light/dark rhythm of the pineal hormone melatonin in autistic children." First International Congress of Clinical Neuroimmunomodulation, Monza, Italy; Young et al, (1982) "Clinical neurochemistry of autism and associated disorders." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 12, 147-165; Johonsson and Roos (1974) "5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological disorders." European Neurology, 11, 37-45; Barbeau (1969) "L-dopa and Juvenile Huntington's disease." Lancet, 2, 1066; Klawans (1970) "A pharmacologic analysis of Huntington's chorea." European Neurology, 4, 148-163; Brody et al., (1970) "Depressed monoamine catabolite levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with parkinsonian dementia of Guam" New England Journal of Medicine, 232, 947-950; Vaughan et al., (1979) "Melatonin, pituitary function and stress in humans." Psychoneuroendocrinoloy, 4, 351-362; Tetsuo et al., (1981) "Urinary b-hydroxymelatonin excretion in patients with orthostatic hypotension." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 53, 607-610; Snyder and llams (1982) "Serotoninergic agents in the treatment of isolated sleep paralysis." American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1202-1203; Anden et al., (1965) "5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid in rabbit spinal cord normally and after transection." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 64, 193-196; Brun et al., (1971) "Studies of the monoamine metabolism in the central nervous system in one patient with Jakob Creutzfeldt disease." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 47, 642-645; Kneisley et al., (1978) "Cervical spinal cord lesions disrupt the rhythm in human melatonin excretion." Journal of Neural Transmission, 13 (suppl), 311-323; Li et al., (1989) "Rhythms of serum melatonin in patients with spinal lesions at the cervical, thoracic or lumbar region." Clinical Endocrinology, 30, 47-56; Wetterberg (1978) "Melatonin in humans, Physiological and clinical studies." Journal of Neural Transmission, 13 (suppl) 289-310; Rojdmar et al., (1993) "Inhibition of melatonin secretion by ethanol in man." Metabolism, 42, 1047-1051; Pang et al., (1990) "Acute cerebral haemorrhage: changes in nocturnal surge of plasma melatonin in humans." Journal of Pineal Research, 9, 193-208; Manev et al., (1996) "Increased brain damage after stroke or excitotoxic seizures in melatonin-deficient rats." FASEB Journal, 10, 1546-1551). Moreover, recent studies have indicated that pineal melatonin exerts an important neuroprotective effect as melatonin deficient animals demonstrate increased vulnerability to cerebral damage after sustaining a focal ischemic/stroke or epileptic-like seizures (Giusti et al., 1995) "Melatonin protects primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons from kainate but not from N-methyl-D- aspartate excitoxicity." Experimental Neurology, 131, 39-46; Manev et al., (1996) "Increased brain damage after stroke or excitotoxic seizures in melatonin-deficient rats." FASEB Journal, 10, 1546-1551). These studies suggest that melatonin deficiency reflects a pathophysiological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases.
The pineal gland is a neural structure that is functionally related to the visual system. Indeed, the circadian production of melatonin is determined by the photoperiodic environment to which animals are exposed. Bright light suppresses pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion while ambient darkness stimulates the production and secretion of the hormone. The effects of the environmental illumination on the pineal gland are mediated via a well-delineated retino-hypothalamic-pineal circuit. The rhythms of melatonin secretion are generated by the paired suprachlasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus which serve as the body's biological clock. Serotonin concentrations are higher in the pineal than in any other organ or in any brain region. They exhibit a striking diurnal rhythm, remaining at a maximum level (in the rat) during the daylight hours and falling by more than 80% soon after the onset of darkness, as serotonin is converted to melatonin
Melatonin is a "master hormone" involved in the regulation of a host of biological functions related to the control of neuroendocrine functions, immunomodulation, analgesia, motor behavior, mood, sleep, cognition, and neurotransmitter synthesis and release including serotonin synthesis (Datta and King (1980) Melatonin: effects on brain and behavior." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 4, 451-458; Ehrlich and Apuzzo (1985) "The Pineal Gland: anatomy, physiology, and clinical significance" Journal of Neurosurgery, 63, 321-341; Frazer and Brown (1987) "Melatonin: a link between the environment and behavior." Integrative Psychiatry, 5, 3-26; Bradbury et al., (1985) "Melatonin action in the midbrain can regulate forebrain dopamine function both behaviourally and biochemically." "In Brown and Wainwright (Eds.), The Pineal Gland: Endocrine Aspects (pp. 327-332) New York: Pergamon Press; Aldegunde et al., (1985) "Effects of pinealectomy on regional brain serotonin metabolism." International Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 9-13; Miguez et al., (1991) "Differential effects of pinealectomy on amygdala and hippocampus serotonin metabolism". Journal of Pineal Research, 10, 100-103; Miguez et al., (1991) "Long-term pinealectomy alters hypothalamic serotonin metabolism in the rat." Journal of Pineal Research 11, 75-79; Miguez et al., (1996) "Changes in serotonin level and turnover in discrete hypothalamic nuclei after pinealectomy and melatonin administration to rats." Neurochemistry International, 29, 651-658). Consequently, it is believed that intermittent transcranial applications of AC pulsed magnetic fields of extremely low intensity may be used therapeutically by boosting the activity of the pineal gland with resultant increased melatonin and serotonin production.
http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5885976/description.html
I know this website is a silly place to find information, but I just don't know anymore.
poster:Garnet71
thread:878922
URL: http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/20090203/msgs/879361.html